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In the present study we examined whether
2019-12-11
In the present study we examined whether the gene for estrogen receptor alpha, Esr1, plays a role in the expression of maternal memory in female rats. The approach utilized a newly developed rat Esr1 knockout (KO) rat model (Rumi et al., 2014) to evaluate whether deletion of the Esr1 BI6727 synthesi
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The development and activation of T cells play an important
2019-12-11
The development and activation of T LY 2389575 hydrochloride receptor play an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. As for activation and differentiation of T cells, TCR signalling pathway is pivotal. ZAP70 plays a crucial role in formulation of TCR–microclusters, initiation of TCR
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Ultrasound is an acoustic wave with a frequency kHz
2019-12-11
Ultrasound is an acoustic wave with a frequency >20 kHz that needs a medium to propagate [20]. Accompanied by the spread of an ultrasonic wave, a series of alternating cycles of compression and rarefaction emerge in the liquid medium. During the rarefaction cycle, microbubbles are formed because of
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More recent studies have correlated sPLA V
2019-12-10
More recent studies have correlated sPLA2-V with alternative macrophage activation (M2) in human and murine macrophages [149,150]. sPLA2-V expression was induced during both human and mouse interleukin-4–mediated activation of macrophages in vitro, and its absence impaired macrophage activation in v
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Contrary to the downregulation of S PR family
2019-12-10
Contrary to the downregulation of S1PR family GPCRs, CLL cells have increased mRNA expression of the lysophosphatidic WYE-132 (LPA) family receptors LPAR1, LPAR3 and LPAR4 compared to normal B cells [47]. Increased LPAR1 mRNA has been shown to be associated with more aggressive disease [47] and LPA
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For a physiologically relevant interaction
2019-12-10
For a physiologically relevant interaction, ligand and receptor have to be expressed in the same place. Collagen II is found primarily in cartilage. DDR2 is expressed in proliferating chondrocytes in vivo, and its staining pattern in tibial growth plates is similar to that of collagen II. In additio
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Studies of LRRK tagged with green fluorescent protein reveal
2019-12-10
Studies of LRRK2 tagged with green fluorescent protein revealed the presence of monomeric LRRK2 in the thapsigargin australia of living cells, while LRRK2 oligomers were found in the proximity of the plasma membrane, suggesting that both oligomerization status and compartmentalization of LRRK2 defi
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Conversely to the reduction in restraint evoked HR
2019-12-10
Conversely to the reduction in restraint-evoked HR increase following the blockade of CRF receptors, Nijsen et al. [28] demonstrated that BNST treatment with a nonselective CRF odanacatib receptor antagonist enhanced the tachycardia evoked by contextual fear conditioning. Taken together, these resul
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CPH models reported usually as lists of risk factors along
2019-12-10
CPH models, reported usually as lists of risk factors along with their parameters, are prevalent in medical literature. One such model is the CPH model created for the purpose of predicting the probability of one year survival of patients suffering from Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension [5]. The model
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The acetylcholinesterasic activity of exposed
2019-12-10
The acetylcholinesterasic activity of exposed animals, after treatment with diverse concentrations of uranium and following distinct recovery periods, remained unaltered for all species. This finding suggests that uranium, in spite of being a water-soluble metal, does not exert any effect on the sel
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Tacrine amino tetrahydroacridine I Fig was
2019-12-10
Tacrine (9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine) (I, Fig. 1) was the first AChEI to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of AD [25], [26], [27], [28]. However, despite its good AChE inhibitory activity, tacrine was far from ideal due to its low bioavailability and shor
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Insulin (human) recombinant expressed in yeast Overall we fo
2019-12-10
Overall, we found that all hormone treatment groups were able to learn spatial working and reference memory tasks, as shown by their performance across days on the WRAM (days 2–12, collapsed across the 4 trials) and the MWM (days 1–5, collapsed across the 4 trials). During the acquisition phase of t
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br Sources of funding br Disclosures br Acknowledgments br I
2019-12-10
Sources of funding Disclosures Acknowledgments Introduction Insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells is a fundamental process to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. During glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, high glucose causes closure of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels), sub
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br Acknowledgements The authors thank Drs
2019-12-10
Acknowledgements The authors thank Drs. C. Klein, I. Canisso and A. Claes with assistance in obtaining tissues. Supported by the Albert G. Clay Endowment, University of Kentucky. Introduction Neoplastic cells often develop drug resistance during tumor progression or cancer treatment (Turner a
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br Introduction The development of
2019-12-10
Introduction The development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a complex process characterized by the acquisition of altered proliferation and invasiveness. These changes are classically defined as occurring in stages, i.e., initiation, promotion, and progression. In the two-stage model of in
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