• br Discussion Hepatic dysfunction in the

  2023-05-17

  

  Discussion Hepatic dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome is a driver of negative patient outcomes that requires more therapeutic options. The complexity of liver alterations in this disease – elevated de novo synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, reduced clearance of circulating atherogenic L

• Mt a known to be upregulated by ozone Inoue

  2023-05-15

  

  Mt2a, known to be upregulated by ozone (Inoue et al., 2008), was also increased in vehicle-pretreated rats exposed to ozone, however, this effect was markedly reduced by both PROP and MIFE, suggesting that the neuroendocrine response is linked to ozone-induced acute phase protein expression. In huma

• The inflammatory cytokine IL is an additional factor that

  2023-05-15

  

  The inflammatory cytokine IL-6 is an additional factor that has been hypothesized to contribute to epinephrine-mediated repression of drug detoxifying proteins such as CYP3A4 (Aninat et al., 2008). Indeed, this CYP is well-known to be repressed by IL-6 (Dickmann et al., 2011) and epinephrine has pre

• Subsequently Palvimaki et al corroborated Ni

  2023-05-15

  

  Subsequently, Palvimaki et al. (1999) corroborated Ni and Miledi's study by demonstrating that treatment with fluoxetine leads to 43% occupancy of the 5-HT2C receptors. Moreover, the affinity of fluoxetine for 5HT2C receptors (Ki 65 nM) is close to its affinity for 5-HT transporters (Ki 33 nM) (Ni a

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2023-05-15

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussions Diabetes is mainly divided into Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes [16]. Type 2 diabetes, featured by insulin resistance, results from environmental factors and poor eating habits [2]. Type 2 diabetes accounts for more than 95% of the diabetic pati

• br Materials and methods br Functional

  2023-05-15

  

  Materials and methods Functional demonstrations of ACh/GABA cotransmission The cotransmission of GABA and ACh has been best characterized in starburst amacrine cells (SACs) of the retina. SACs are a subtype of amacrine cell, a diverse set of retinal interneurons that are crucial for processing

• The acetylcholinesterase AChE inhibitor tacrine THA

  2023-05-15

  

  The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, tacrine (THA), exerts neuroprotective effects in time- and does-dependent manners against glutamate neurotoxicity (Takada-Takatori et al., 2006a, 2006b) and amyloid-β protein toxicity in PC12, a pheochromocytoma line (Wang et al., 2002; Xiao et al., 2000).

• The gene SRD A encodes the

  2023-05-15

  

  The gene SRD5A2 encodes the 5-α-reductase enzyme, which converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. Although dihydrotestosterone levels are considerably lower than testosterone, dihydrotestosterone has a five-fold stronger binding capacity to the androgen receptor and, thereby, a considerably mo

• br COX and LOX in post mortem AD brain Minghetti

  2023-05-15

  

  COX and 5-LOX in post-mortem AD brain Minghetti (2004) reviewed the findings on COX-2 mRNA levels in AD brains, pointing out that the available evidence demonstrated either decreased or increased levels, possibly because of the short half-life of COX-2 transcripts or individual variability. Histo

• In the present study we showed that LOX metabolites which

  2023-05-15

  

  In the present study, we showed that 15-LOX metabolites, which are the precursors of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators, were decreased in the unaffected skin area of the OS model rats by comprehensive lipidomics analyses. Furthermore, subsequent microarray analyses demonstrated tha

• Although TP status has been shown to play a role

  2023-05-15

  

  Although TP53 status has been shown to play a role in ATR inhibition and platinum resistance [7], [27], [38], in inhibition of ATM and sensitivity to IR [39], and in the activation of Chk1 and Chk2 [3], [4], ATM and ATR signaling can occur through the p38MAPK/MK2 pathway in p53-deficient PNU 37883 h

• In the nineties we knew that baclofen

  2023-05-15

  

  In the nineties we knew that (-)baclofen was the stereo-selective ligand for the GABAB receptor which had been recognised by Norman Bowery as a receptor for GABA, which was different from the GABAA receptor (Hill and Bowery, 1981). GABAB receptor antagonists were also synthesised and made available

• Knowledge about adipose tissue has

  2023-05-15

  

  Knowledge about adipose tissue has evolved considerably over the last two decades. Always been described as an inert tissue having the function of stocking lipids, adipose tissue is now recognized as a real organ with both metabolic and endocrine functions secreting various factors into the blood to

• The putative residue apelin proprotein

  2023-05-15

  

  The putative 55-residue apelin proprotein (proapelin or apelin-55) is processed from a 77-residue preproprotein through removal of a 22-residue signal peptide (Table 1). Apelin-55 is further processed into bioactive isoforms of 36, 17, or 13 residues, likely through protease-mediated mechanisms. To

• br Author contributions br Financial disclosures br

  2023-05-15

  

  Author contributions Financial disclosures Acknowledgements We thank Ms. Eva So for the editorial assistance. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81622015, 81571042 and 81501143) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2

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