• Introduction Epinephrine is an endocrine hormone mainly

  2024-07-09

  

  Introduction Epinephrine is an endocrine hormone mainly produced by adrenal medulla in response to stress (Tank and Lee Wong, 2015). This catecholamine exerts various major physiological effects, concerning notably the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system and the endocrine system, through

• br Conclusion br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Enzym

  2024-07-09

  

  Conclusion Conflicts of interest Introduction Enzymes are widely applied as biocatalysts in fields such as synthetic chemistry [1], pharmaceuticals [2], environmental treatment [3], and food technology [4] because they can catalyze chemical transformations in a highly selective manner under

• REM sleep is proposed to create an environment to facilitate

  2024-07-09

  

  REM sleep is proposed to create an environment to facilitate plasticity processes that create a generalized downregulation of synaptic strength (Grosmark et al., 2012; Tononi and Cirelli, 2014), while synapses are upregulated specifically by the reactivation of neuronal firing sequences experienced

• Several studies have recently used optogenetics to selective

  2024-07-09

  

  Several studies have recently used optogenetics to selectively activate various cholinergic neurons (Jiang et al., 2014). However, most do not explicitly report direct release of GABA from cholinergic fibers, with the exception of our two studies described above (Saunders et al., 2015a, Saunders et 

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2024-07-09

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The brain is endowed with the 5-LOX enzymatic system (Lammers et al., 1996, Lindgren et al., 1984), but its physiological and pathological roles are still not clear. Inflammation is a characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheime

• In fact serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic

  2024-07-09

  

  In fact, serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal activity through the 5-HT2C receptor. Studies have shown that the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 blocks the burst-firing of mesolimbic DA neurons, which project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus acc

• The subdivision of HT receptors started in

  2024-07-09

  

  The subdivision of 5-HT receptors started in the 1950s by Gaddum and colleagues, when they realised that in the guinea pig ileum, the effects of 5-HT could be blocked in part by morphine (M), and in part by dibenzyline (D). Gaddum and Picarelli proposed two receptor classes, 5-HT M and 5-HT D (1957)

• Western blot results showed that the expressions of SOCS

  2024-07-09

  

  Western blot results showed that the expressions of SOCS1 and SOCS3 significantly increased after administration of rGas6 24h after MCAO (Fig. 7A–C p Discussion After ischemic stroke, inflammation has been shown to be an important secondary injury mediator in patients, as well as in animals (Herz

• br Role of LPA in tumor angiogenesis and

  2024-07-09

  

  Role of LPA in tumor angiogenesis and skeletal metastasis The angiogenesis switch is essential for tumor expansion and escape of tumor Purvalanol B from the primary site and forming distant metastases. Evidence for the role of LPA2 and LPA3 in the mobility of endothelial cells and the formation

• br Introduction Throughout early prophase I meiotic

  2024-07-08

  

  Introduction Throughout early prophase I, meiotic cells intentionally generate DSBs as part of a stringently controlled process to initiate homologous recombination (HR). HR is a critical DSB repair pathway that ultimately permits the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes

• br Mechanisms of GPCR internalization Like for

  2024-07-08

  

  Mechanisms of GPCR internalization Like for other types of receptors, prolonged agonist stimulation often leads to GPCR internalization, which can occur via different pathways ∗[2], [20], [21], [22], [23]. Of these pathways, clathrin-mediated Z-IETD-FMK (CME) is the best characterized and arguab

• br Experimental Procedures Additional information

  2024-07-08

  

  Experimental Procedures Additional information can be found in Supplemental Experimental Procedures. Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank all members of Lab of Health Chemistry for helpful discussions. This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) from

• ARG I is one of the most

  2024-07-08

  

  ARG I is one of the most important mammalian enzymes responsible for nitrogen metabolism since it comprises the main route for the elimination of excess nitrogen resulting from amino cerk and nucleotide metabolism [18]. ARG I deficiency leads to hyperargininemia, characterized by progressive neurol

• artesunate In addition understanding the relationship betwee

  2024-07-08

  

  In addition, understanding the relationship between human metabolic processes and dietary antioxidant intake would provide opportunities for altering the diet to improve health (Prior, 2015). Prior et al. (2007) emphasized that excess reactive oxygen species, which occurred during the metabolism of

• br Materials and methods br Results and

  2024-07-08

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements Introduction Infections in children aged 0–21 years who reside in long-term care (LTC) facilities are common due to underlying complex medical conditions, use of invasive devices such as urinary catheters and ve

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